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Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat serious bacterial infections, including Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infections and Staphylococcus aureus infections. It is available as oral capsules and an injectable form.
Oral vancomycin works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis.
Unlike many other antibiotics, oral vancomycin is not absorbed into the bloodstream; instead, it stays within the gastrointestinal tract. This allows the medication to target and kill bacteria like C. difficile directly at the site of infection by binding to the precursors of the bacterial cell wall, causing the cell to rupture and die.
A healthcare provider may prescribe vancomycin if you have a confirmed bacterial infection like C. difficile or Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
The form you receive depends on the location of the infection: oral vancomycin (capsules or liquid) is used only for digestive tract infections, while intravenous (IV) vancomycin is required for systemic infections in the blood, bones, or lungs.
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While vancomycin is a life-saving antibiotic, it may not be suitable for everyone. A healthcare provider will exercise caution or avoid prescribing it for those with:
Kidney disease: Because the kidneys clear vancomycin from the body, those with renal impairment are at high risk for toxicity.
Hearing problems: Vancomycin can be "ototoxic," meaning it can cause or worsen hearing loss or tinnitus (ringing in the ears).
Previous allergic reactions: Anyone who has had a severe reaction to vancomycin or its ingredients should avoid it.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): For the oral version, patients with severe intestinal inflammation (like Crohn's or Ulcerative Colitis) may absorb too much of the drug into their bloodstream, increasing the risk of side effects.
If you have a history of porphyria, inform your doctor, as this medication can trigger certain symptoms.
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is nearly time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular timing. Do not "double up" or take two doses at once to make up for a missed one.
Maintaining a consistent level of medication in your bloodstream is vital for clearing the infection. Missing multiple doses or stopping early can lead to antibiotic resistance. If you miss more than one dose, contact your healthcare provider immediately for instructions.
Yes, healthcare providers may prescribe vancomycin during pregnancy if it is the most effective treatment for a serious infection. The level of risk depends largely on how the medication is administered:
Oral vancomycin: Generally considered safe (FDA Category B). Because it is not significantly absorbed into the bloodstream, it has not been shown to cause birth defects in human or animal studies.
Intravenous (IV) vancomycin: Used when the benefits outweigh potential risks (FDA Category C). While it crosses the placenta, studies have not found associated hearing loss or kidney damage in infants when used during the second and third trimesters.
Always inform your doctor if you are pregnant, as they may monitor your blood levels more closely to ensure both maternal and fetal safety.
While there is no direct "black box" warning against mixing alcohol and vancomycin, healthcare providers strongly recommend avoiding alcohol during treatment.
To ensure the antibiotic works effectively and to avoid unnecessary strain on your kidneys, wait until at least 48 to 72 hours after your last dose before consuming alcohol.
While taking vancomycin, most patients tolerate the medication well, but some may experience mild gastrointestinal or systemic issues, including:
Be sure to speak to your healthcare provider if your side effects don't subside or if you being to experience more severe side effects.
Yes, a vancomycin overdose is a serious medical emergency that primarily affects the kidneys and hearing. If you suspect an overdose, contact your local poison control center or seek emergency medical care immediately.
LifeMD provides access to licensed healthcare providers who can address your health concerns and prescribe medications. Through our virtual platform, you can schedule same-day appointments. If appropriate, your healthcare provider can arrange for your medication to be sent to your local pharmacy.
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