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Allopurinol is a medication commonly used to treat gout and certain types of kidney stones. It works by reducing the production of uric acid in the body.
Uric acid is a waste product formed during the breakdown of purines, which are substances found in certain foods and are also produced by the body. Purines are naturally occurring compounds that are part of the normal metabolic process.
After purines are broken down, uric acid is produced in the liver and circulates in the bloodstream. It is then filtered by the kidneys and excreted from the body through urine. which can lead to the formation of crystals in the joints and kidneys, causing gout attacks or kidney stone formation.
It's typically taken daily and may require regular monitoring of uric acid levels to ensure the medication is effective and dosage adjustments are made if necessary.
Allopurinol works by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which plays a crucial role in the production of uric acid in the body. By blocking this enzyme, allopurinol reduces the conversion of purines into uric acid, leading to decreased uric acid levels in the bloodstream.
Lowering uric acid levels helps prevent the formation of urate crystals in the joints, which can cause painful gout attacks. Additionally, reducing uric acid levels can help prevent the formation of kidney stones, which can also be caused by high uric acid levels.
By controlling uric acid production, allopurinol helps manage and prevent gout flares and related complications, such as joint damage and kidney stone formation.
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It’s recommended that you take the allopurinol tablet once a day, ideally after eating breakfast.
Typically, allopurinol is prescribed alongside a fluid uptake, so try to drink two to three liters of fluids each day.
Allopurinol typically begins to lower uric acid levels within a few days to weeks of starting treatment. However, the full effect of allopurinol may take several weeks to months to be fully realized.
Regular monitoring of uric acid levels and symptoms is crucial during the initial phase of treatment with allopurinol. Healthcare providers may adjust the dosage as needed to achieve and maintain target uric acid levels and manage gout symptoms effectively.
There are several potential medication interactions when taking allopurinol. Certain blood pressure medications, penicillin antibiotics, anticoagulants, and diuretics can interact with allopurinol and/or lessen its effects.
Allopurinol remains in the body for three days after the last dose. With patients with impaired kidney function, this may be even longer. Salicylates (such as aspirin) can increase the rate at which the kidneys eliminate drugs, but should only be taken on the recommendation of your doctor.
The cost of allopurinol may vary depending on location or pharmacy, but typically a 20-tablet supply of 100 mg ranges from $10-$15.
There are certain foods and drinks to avoid while taking allopurinol to avoid interfering with the medication’s effectiveness and to limit gout flares.
It’s important to stay hydrated while using allopurinol to help flush out uric acid and prevent gout attacks. Do this especially in hot weather or during physical activity.
The most common side effects of allopurinol include:
Less commonly, allopurinol can cause more severe side effects, such as:
If you experience any severe or persistent side effects while taking allopurinol, it's essential to contact your healthcare provider immediately. They can evaluate your symptoms and determine if any changes to your treatment plan are necessary.
Yes! With LifeMD, you can connect with a licensed healthcare provider from the comfort of your home within an hour. If appropriate, your provider may prescribe allopurinol and send it directly to your local pharmacy.
For even more flexibility, a LifeMD+ membership gives you 24/7 access to care, same-day prescription refills, exclusive wellness perks, and easy access to lab testing — all designed to make managing your health simple and stress-free.
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