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Hemorrhoids are caused by increased pressure on the veins in the pelvic and rectal area, often resulting from constipation, pregnancy, obesity, or straining during bowel movements. In addition, age (the risk of developing hemorrhoids generally increases with age) and a family history of hemorrhoids play a role as well.

Hemorrhoids typically feel like swollen and inflamed veins in the rectal area. They can cause various sensations, including pain, itching, and discomfort. When external hemorrhoids are present, they may be felt as soft lumps or bumps around the anus. Internal hemorrhoids, on the other hand, may cause a feeling of fullness or pressure in the rectum, along with bleeding during bowel movements. Hemorrhoids can be uncomfortable and may cause pain or discomfort, especially when sitting or during bowel movements.

Hemorrhoids — especially external hemorrhoids — can cause itching or irritation in the rectal area. Scratching the affected area may provide temporary relief but can also further irritate the skin and worsen the condition. It's important to avoid scratching and to seek medical advice for a proper diagnosis and treatment options if you’re experiencing itching or suspect you have hemorrhoids. Your healthcare provider can recommend appropriate measures to help you find relief.

Yes, hemorrhoids can bleed. Bleeding during bowel movements is a common symptom of hemorrhoids, especially internal hemorrhoids. The blood from hemorrhoids is typically bright red and may be noticed on toilet paper, in the toilet bowl, or on the surface of the stool. It’s important to note that rectal bleeding can also be caused by other conditions, so it's extremely important to consult with a healthcare professional if you’re experiencing rectal bleeding.

Mild cases of hemorrhoids may resolve on their own with proper self-care and lifestyle changes, such as increasing fiber intake, drinking plenty of water, and avoiding straining during bowel movements. However, more severe or persistent hemorrhoids may require medical intervention to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.

To prevent hemorrhoids, focus on maintaining a healthy diet that includes plenty of fiber-rich foods and lots of water. In addition, avoid straining during bowel movements, incorporate regular exercise into your routine, take standing breaks if you tend to sit a lot throughout the day, practice good hygiene, don’t sit too long on the toilet, and use gentle wiping techniques.

A healthcare professional can help with personalized recommendations, especially if you’re prone to hemorrhoids.

You should consider seeing a doctor for hemorrhoids if you’re experiencing persistent or severe symptoms, such as pain that doesn’t let up, bleeding from the rectum, significant swelling, or prolapsed hemorrhoids. A healthcare professional can provide an accurate diagnosis, recommend appropriate treatment options, and help rule out other potential underlying conditions.

Although hemorrhoids are generally not dangerous, they can cause complications if left untreated. Potential complications include anemia due to chronic blood loss, infection, and thrombosed hemorrhoids (which occur when a blood clot forms within an external hemorrhoid, causing severe pain and inflammation).